INTRODUCTION
Ragtaya

As is well-known throughout the Federation, the Vulcans are especially known for their excellence in the sciences and medicine. Vulcans serve throughout Starfleet most prominently as science officers, engineers and medical doctors, although intelligence analysts and security specialists are becoming common as well. A number of Starfleet science vessels are completely manned by Vulcans. As with most advanced races, the Vulcans have a huge vocabulary of specialized terms for use in the sciences and technical fields. Below you will find a large introduction to a wide range of scientific words and terminology. See also our other science pages.


FIELDS OF STUDY
Vunailar t'Orenaya

In nearly all cases, it is easy to determine the Golic Vulcan name for a discipline or field of study in most of the scientific, technical and medical disciplines. In contemporary usage, all of these terms are formed from a descriptive root with "-tal" (meaning "study" or "-ology") suffixed. Here is a selection of examples:

    Acoustics -- Ralash-tal ("sound-study")
    Aerology -- Sov-tal ("air-study")
    Aerodynamics -- Sov-dvun-tal ("air-motion-study")
    Aeronautics -- Hash-tal ("flight-study")
    Agronomy -- Urozh-solek-tal
    Algology -- Smol-tal ("alga(e)-study")
    Anatomy -- Vukhut-tal
    Anesthesiology -- Kashan-ne-tal
    Angiology -- Vukhut-mev-tal ("body-vessel-study")
    Anthropology -- Kominsu-tal ("human-study")
    Archeology -- Veshtsu-tal ("past-person-study")
    Astrogeology -- S'udish-solektra-tal ("outside-land-study")
    Astronomy -- Yel-tal ("star-study")
    Astrophysics -- Stukh-tal ("space-study")
    Audiology -- Zhu-tal ("hear-study")
    Biochemistry -- Ha-meil-tal ("life-chemical-study")
    Biology -- Ha-tal
    Biophysics -- Ha-tor-tal
    Biostratigraphy -- Ha-tin-tal
    Botany -- Kastik-tal
    Cardiology -- Khaf-spol-tal
    Chemistry -- Meil-tal
    Climatology -- Ek'nosh-tal
    Cosmology -- Stukhtra-tal
    Cytology -- Nala-tal
    Dendrochronology -- Lap-kuv-tal ("tree-ring-study")
    Dermatology -- Wadi-tal
    Ecology -- Malat-tal ("nature-study")
    Epidemiology -- Has-sak-tal
    Ergonomics -- Zup-dvun-tal ("labor-motion-study")
    Etymology -- Zhit-vesht-tal ("word-past-study")
    Eugenics -- Tash-noshtra-tal ("control-characteristic-study")
    Exobiology -- S'udish-ha-tal ("outside-life-study")
    Gastroenterology -- Skaun-ek'ur-tal
    Genetics -- Tol-tal
    Geochemistry -- Solektra-meil-tal ("land-chemical-study")
    Geohydrology -- Ne'rak-masu-tal ("beneath-water-study")
    Geology -- Solektra-tal
    Geomorphology -- Solektra-shid-tal ("land-form-study")
    Geophysics -- Solektra-tor-tal ("land-doing-study")
    Geriatrics -- Shakhu-tal ("elderly-study")
    Gerontology -- Shakhuvaya-tal ("aging-study")
    Glaciology -- Le-suma-tal ("ice-study")
    Hematology -- Khaf-tal ("blood-study")
    Hepatology -- Nehasamek-tal ("liver-study")
    Herpetology -- Ukraluk-tal ("reptile-study")
    Histochemistry -- Numo-kelek-tal t'nala eh nalatra
    Histology -- Numo-kelek-tal ("microscopic-structure-study")
    Hydraulics -- Masu-mish-tal ("water (ie. fluid)-engineering")
    Hydrodynamics -- Masu-dvun-tal ("water-motion-study")
    Hydrography -- Masu-tor-tal
    Hydrology -- Masu-tal
    Hydrometeorology -- Sov-masu-ta ("sky-water-study")
    Hydrostatics -- Masu-shom-tal ("water-rest-study")
    Kinesiology -- Vukhut-dvun-tal ("body-motion-study")
    Limnology -- Tvisol-masular-tal ("inland-waters-study")
    Linguistics -- Gen-lis-tal
    Marine biology -- Masutra-ha-tal
    Meteorology -- Igen-va-tal
    Microbiology -- Numo-ha-tal
    Mineralogy -- Ek'tukh-tal
    Mycology -- Luk-tal ("fungus-study")
    Neonatology -- Uzh-keshtu-tal ("newborn-study")
    Nephrology -- Kapol-nafek-tal ("kidney-study")
    Oceanography -- Masutra-tal
    Oceanology -- Masutra-mish-tal ("ocean-engineering")
    Oncology -- Gnal-tal ("tumor-study")
    Osteology -- Hinek-tal ("bone-study")
    Nuclear physics -- Galu-tor-tal ("atom-doing-study")
    Paleoanthropology -- Vesht-komihnsu-tal
    Paleobotany -- Vesht-kastik-tal
    Paleoclimatology -- Vesht-ek'nosh-tal
    Paleoecology -- Vesht-malat-tal
    Paleography -- Vesht-kitau-tal ("past-writing-study")
    Paleontology -- Vesht-ha-tal ("past-life-study")
    Paleozoology -- Vesht-aushfa-tal
    Palynology -- Tal t'Kas-sa-nei ("study of-pollen")
    Pathology -- Has-tal ("disease-study")
    Pedology -- Solek-tal ("soil-study")
    Petrochemistry -- Kov-meil-tal ("rock-chemical-study")
    Petrology -- Kov-tal ("rock-study")
    Pharmacology -- Haseret-tal ("medication-study")
    Physics -- Tor-tal ("doing-study")
    Physiology -- Is-lof-tal ("function-study")
    Phytogeography -- Kastik-sagan-tal ("plant-distribution-study")
    Phytopathology -- Kastik-has-tal ("plant-disease-study")
    Phytosociology -- Kastik-shila-tal
    Planetology -- Vath-ek'tra-tal ("other-planet-study")
    Praxeology -- Su-torai-tal ("people-action-study")
    Primatology -- lo'uk-hasu-tal ("great-being-study")
    Proctology -- Pekh-mev-tal
    Psychiatry -- Kashkau-tal ("mind-study")
    Psychology -- Kloshai-tal ("behavior-study")
    Seismology -- Solektra-hutaya-tal
    Selenology -- Aikum-tal ("moon-study")
    Sociology -- Shila-tal ("community-study")
    Speleology -- Tauk-tal ("cave-study")
    Synecology -- Su-malat-tal ("people-nature-study")
    Tectonics -- Solektra-dvun-tal ("land-motion-study")
    Toxicology -- Gisam-tal ("poison-study")
    Urology -- Vazh-ek'ur-tal
    Vulcanology -- Zul-kunel-tal ("volcano-study")
    Vulcantology -- Vuhlkansu-tal ("vulcan(s)-study")
    Xenobiology -- Akan-ha-tal ("alien-life-study")
    Zoology -- Aushfa-tal


CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS
Meil-tal heh Tor-tal

In the time before Surak, the names for elements and chemicals had no regularity in Golic Vulcan. Later, scientists, taking a lead from the teachings of Surak and his successors, decided to completely revamp the way chemistry handled its specialized language. All elements on the periodic chart now end with the suffix "-tukh", meaning "material" or "substance", and the root word is almost always descriptive of the appearance or property of the element. Examples are masu-tukh (lit. water-stuff) for hydrogen, since hydrogen makes up 2/3 of the basic water molecule; and ras-tukh (lit. heavy-stuff) for lead because of its obvious density. In OHV scientific usage, the name of "chemical modifiers" (oxide or chloride, for example) are derived from the major element name by dropping the "-tukh" and directly suffixing "u".

The way the Vulcans write the names for chemical compounds is often considered much clearer and less ambiguous than the way they are written in FSE. It is usually possible to derive the chemical formula from the chemical name, whereas this is not the case in FSE. In most cases, Golic Vulcan chemical names contain numbers showing the atomic structure of a molecule, making learning chemical structure somewhat easier for Vulcans. Chemical names follow a pattern similar to obsolete chemical compound name usage in Earth languages, such as "Sulfate of Lead" or "Chloride of Sodium". This rule follows for nearly all compounds, but one exception is with chemicals like acids, where simple acid names can be suffixed "-sash", whereas more complicated names follow the above form.

The following are some miscellaneous chemical names:
    Ammonium nitrate -- sov-reh-eshu t'skrahk-tukh (lit. nitrate of ammonium)
    Ammonium perchlorate -- yonuk-lafu t'skrahk-tukh (lit. perchlorate of ammonium)
    Ammonium sulfate -- vlau-keh-eshu t'skrahk-tukh (lit. sulfate of ammonium)
    Arsenic trioxide -- reh-eshu t'dah-gis-tukh (lit. trioxide of di-arsenic)
    Arsenic trisulfide -- reh-vlau'u t'dah-gis-tukh (lit. trisulfide of di-arsenic)
    Barium sulfate -- vlau-keh-eshu t'zon-tukh (sulfate of barium)
    Cadmium sulfide -- vlau'u t'stal-tukh (lit. sulfide of cadmium)
    Calcium chloride -- lafu t'hinek-tukh (lit. chloride of calcium)
    Carbon dioxide -- dah-eshu t'nol-tukh (lit. dioxide of carbon)
    Carbon disulfide -- dah-vlau'u t'nol-tukh (lit. disulfide of carbon)
    Carbon monoxide -- eshu t'nol-tukh (lit. oxide of carbon)
    Carbon tetrachloride -- keh-lafu t'nol-tukh (lit. tetrachloride of carbon)
    Cobalt chloride -- dah-lafu t'pla-tukh (lit. dichloride of cobalt)
    Copper sulfate -- vlau-keh-eshu t'khaf-tukh (lit. sulfate of copper)
    Cuprite (copper ore) -- eshu t'dah-khaf-tukh (lit. oxide of di-copper)
    Ferric oxide -- reh-eshu t'dah-shek-tukh (lit. trioxide of di-iron)
    Hydrogen peroxide -- dah-eshu t'dah-masu-tukh (lit. dioxide of dihydrogen)
    Hydrogen sulfide -- vlau'u t'dah-masu-tukh (lit. sulfide of dihydrogen)
    Magnesium oxide -- eshu t'wal-tukh (lit. oxide of magnesium)
    Magnesium sulfate -- vlau-keh-eshu t'wal-tukh (lit. sulfate of magnesium)
    Nitric oxide -- eshu t'sov-tukh (lit. oxide of nitrogen)
    Nitrous oxide -- eshu t'dah-sov-tukh (lit. oxide of di-nitrogen)
    Potassium chloride -- lafu t'spoh-tukh (lit. chloride of potassium)
    Potassium nitrate -- sov-reh-eshu t'spoh-tukh (lit. nitrate of potassium)
    Potassium sulfate -- vlau-keh-eshu t'spoh-tukh (lit. sulfate of potassium)
    Pyrite -- dah-vlau'u t'shek-tukh (lit. disulfide of iron)
    Sodium bicarbonate -- sovnol-reh-eshu t'alem-tukh (lit. hydrocarbon-oxide of sodium)
    Sodium chloride (salt) -- lafu t'alem-tukh (lit. chloride of sodium)
    Sodium nitrate -- sov-reh-eshu t'alem-tukh (lit. nitrate of sodium)
    Sodium sulfate -- vlau-keh-eshu t'alem-tukh (lit. sulfate of sodium)
    Sulfur dioxide -- dah-eshu t'vlau-tukh (lit. dioxide of sulfur)
    Titanium dioxide -- dah-eshu t'vau-tukh (lit. dioxide of titanium)
    Uranium hexafluoride -- sheh-hoshu t'shu-tukh (lit. hexafluoride of uranium)
    Zinc oxide -- eshu t'tsau-tukh (lit. oxide of zinc)

    Acetic acid -- sfith-masu-sash (lit. vinegar acid)
    Ascorbic acid -- nen-savas-sash (lit. basic fruit acid)
    Boric acid -- sash t'rak-reh-eshu (lit. acid of boron trioxide)
    Carbonic acid -- sash t'masu-reh-eshu (lit. acid of carbonate)
    Chromic acid -- sash t'salu-keh-eshu (lit. acid of chromate)
    Hydrobromic acid -- masu-raku-sash (lit. hydro-bromide acid)
    Hydrochloric acid -- masu-lafu-sash (lit. hydro-chloride acid)
    Nitric acid -- sash t'sov-reh-eshu (lit. acid of nitrate)
    Phosphoric acid -- sash t'yon-keh-eshu (lit. acid of phosphoro-tetroxide)
    Phosphorous acid -- sash t'yon-reh-eshu (lit. acid of phosphoro-trioxide)
    Sulfuric acid -- sash t'vlau-keh-eshu (lit. acid of sulfate)
    Sulfurous acid -- sash t'vlau-reh-eshu (lit. acid of sulfite)

Examples of Golic Vulcan chemistry and physics terms:
    Anhydrous -- fam-masupik
    Alpha particle -- sih-pi'gal
    Atom -- galu
    Baryon -- pu'gal
    Beta particle -- tih-pi'gal
    Bioluminescence -- ha-ha'tanaya
    Calcareous -- gavik
    Catalyst -- torai-tukh
    Caustic -- yontau-meil
    Chroniton -- wak'gal
    Compound (chemistry) -- meilaktra
    Delta radiation -- kih-saya
    Density -- ihn'es
    Deuterium -- dah-masu-tukh
    Dilithium -- dah-pim-tukh
    Electron -- u'gal
    Emulsion -- dah-masu
    Emulsifier -- dah-mashek
    Emulsible -- dah-mashauk
    Entropy -- tehnesaya
    Filtration -- kapol-toraya
    Fission (atomic) -- galu-dahshaya
    Fluorescence -- sau-ha'tanaya
    Fusion (atomic) -- galu-kaunshaya
    Gamma radiation -- pih-saya
    Geiger counter -- Gaiguhr-saya-tumek
    Graviton -- sesh'gal
    Half-life -- ulef-ha'kiv
    Hypervelocity impact -- kwul t'dan-pid-threshan
    Immiscible -- rirish-yehat
    Instability -- rifihet'es
    Ion -- falun-krus
    Ionization -- falun-shetaya
    Isotope -- galu-dahsu
    Luminescence -- dakh-ha'tanaya
    Magnetic -- seshupik
    Magnetic field -- seshan-vunai
    Magnetic field intensity -- karik'es t'seshan-vunai
    Magnetometer -- seshan-thonek
    Methane -- keh-masunol-tukh
    Methanol -- eshu t'keh-masunol-tukh
    Methyl -- reh-masunol-tukh
    Methylamine -- sovu t'kau-masunol-tukh
    Methylene -- dah-masunol-tukh
    Miscible -- vi'rish-yehat
    Molecule -- galutravek
    Negative charge -- u'rak-falun
    Neutrino -- ska'gal
    Neutron -- ta'gal
    Nucleus (atomic) -- galu-svitan
    Osmosis -- k'fai-sanek
    Permeable -- sanek-yehat
    Petroleum -- ek'elmin
    Phosphorescence -- haf-ha'tanaya
    Piezoelectric -- khush-raf
    Piezoelectric effect -- dau t'khush-raf-tepul
    Piezoelectricity -- khush-raf-tepul
    Polaron -- na'gal
    Positive charge -- a'rak-falun
    Positron -- a'gal
    Radiation -- galu-saya
    Radioactive -- galu-sayuk
    Radioactive decay -- galu-sayuk nehaya
    Radioactivity -- galu-sau'es
    Radioisotope -- galu-saya-dahsu
    Salinity -- alemik'es
    Saturation -- vi-mashaya
    Spectral line -- kurtra-zehl
    Spectrogram -- kurtra-bes
    Spectrograph -- kurtra-besek
    Spectrometer -- kurtra-thonek
    Spectroscope -- kurtra-zan-vel
    Stability -- fihet'es
    Trace element -- pi'lek-meilak
    Transition element -- rubihalan-meilak
    X-ray -- vak-zehl

TABLE OF ELEMENTS
Besan t'Meilaklar





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