The historical events in Italy on August 24, 79 A.D., when a series of earthquakes and the devastating eruption of Monte Somma (Mount Vesuvius), which destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae and Oplontis, have interested people for centuries. The Vulcans are very interested in the archeology of these towns because of their personal experience of communities being destroyed by volcanic activity.
Most modern people do not know that there was no "Mount Vesuvius" in Campania in 79 A.D. Vesuvius grew from the remains of Monte Somma, which was the volcano that was mostly destroyed in the Plinian eruption. Referring to "the eruption of Mount Vesuvius" in regards to this event is inaccurate.
This page includes terminology of the Roman world relevant to this topic, the cities involved in the region, locations in the towns, people, and events before, during and after that tragic day of August 24, 79 A.D. (Included are many alternate words in Latin, some in Italian and several in Greek.)
(Note: Linguistic studies with the Guardian of Forever have corrected the pronunciation of Latin, although, as with any language past or present, pronunciation changed over time. Some of the information gathered conflicted with information from classical writings. The Vulcan transliteration of Latin names and places is based on the updated information for this period.)
Aedile (aedilis) -- ai'dilis |kahrtosu|
Afterlife (interitum) -- po-ha'kiv
Agriculture (agri cultura) -- urokasaya
Alcohol (vocatus) -- naliveh
Altar (altaria, altarium) -- oslauvoskaf
Amber (electrum, succinum, sucinum, glaesum, glesum) -- puhku
Amphitheater (amphitheatrum) -- wehk-isan-shi'torperan
Amphora -- am'fora, ahm'foruh |dah-kalukalik krizh'vi-vin-tuhlek|
Amulet (phylacterium, bulla, amoletum, crepundium, fylacterium) -- zaibihk
Analysis -- nisaya
Analyze -- nisau
Ancient Roman -- ma'os-roman-, ma'os-romanik (adj.); ma'os-romasu (person)
Ancient Rome (Roma antiqua) -- Ma'os-Roma
Animal (animal, bestia, fera) -- aushfa
Animal figurine -- pi'aushfa-khlop
Ankle (tarsus) -- mal-nik
Ankle bone (talus) -- mal-nik-hinek
Anklet (periscelis) -- mal-nik-pakuv
Annihilation -- nitozhaya
Anvil (incus) -- mah-vihpan
Apodyterium -- apoditerium |sasai-shal t'wu'sibav-kel|
Aqua Augusta (Serino Aqueduct) -- Akwa Augusta |Masu-Ur t'Serino|
Aqueduct (aquaeductus, aquagium) -- masu-ur
Arch (arcus) -- kesek
Arch of Tiberius -- Kesek t'Tiberius
Architecture -- te'koshif
Archway - kesek-sharu
Area -- shal
Arm (brachium) -- kar
Armor (armis, armum) -- fo-wein
Armory (armamentarium) -- shi'wun|lar|
Army (exercitus, agmen, acies, copiae, classis, miles) -- ask'er
Arrow (curabitur, telum) -- kliton
Arrowhead -- kliton-sfek
Art -- tanaf
Articulation -- terfitilaya
Artifact -- zatrasha-vel
Astronomy (astronomia) -- yel-tal
Atriensis -- atri'ensis |atrium-kafeh, atrium-dvinsu|
Atrium -- atrium, tvi-shal
Awl (subula) -- razhek
Axe (securis, ascia, bipennis) -- la'ash
Axle (axis) -- da-fek
Backbone -- plat
Bag (pera, saccus, crumina, crumena) -- sa'haf
Baker (pistor, artopta, artocopus, panifex, panifica) -- leipausu
Bakery (pistrinum, pistrina, cocionatura) -- leip-kel
Balcony (maeniana, subdialia, pergula, solarium, ectheta) -- fah-yat
Ball (n.) -- dukal
Band (n.) -- zhel
Barley (hordeum, ordeum) -- barli
Barracks (castra, castrum) -- ask'ersu-kelek
Barricade -- foshitaya (n.), foshitau (v.)
Basilica -- basilika |sulumat-shal t'to-gav heh paribaya|
Basket (canistrum, sporta, fiscus) -- ki'haf
Bath -- wu'sibav
Bathhouse (therma, balnea, balineum, lavacrum) -- wu'sibav-kel
Bead (globulus) -- zaab
Bearing wall -- lesh-temok
Beer (cervisia, fermentum) -- bihr
Beeswax -- bi-fnath
Bell (campana, tintinnabulum) -- kus-vakh
Belt (cingulum) -- san-zhel
Bird (avis, ales) -- kushel
Blade (n.) -- |wun-|mor
Blanket (stragulum, stratum, lodicula) -- yuk-sai
Block (n.) -- vihpan
Boat (cymba, linter, lunter, lembus) -- pi'mashali
Boathouse -- pi'mashali-kel
Body -- vukh (structure); vukhut (med.)
Bone (os, ossum) -- hinek
Bottle (ampulla, laguncula) -- mashek
Boulder -- suk'kov
Boundary -- krup
Boundary stela -- krup-dorvokov
Bow (arcus, arquus) (weapon) -- kes-wun
Bow and arrows -- kes-wun heh klitonlar
Box (arca, capsa, cista, theca, chiloma) -- natuhn
Brass (orichalcum, auricalcum, oricalcum) -- dvesh-tukh
Brass lamp -- dvesh-tukh-yonet
Bread (panis, pane, crustum, panificium) -- kap
Bread loaf (tortam panis) -- kap-klevihpan
Break -- shaya (n.), shau (v.)
Breast bone (sternum) -- tuf-hinek
Brick (tene laterem) -- dok
Broken pieces -- zarahklar
Bronze (aeris, pyropus) -- krish|-tukh|
Bronze bracelet -- krishik kar-nik-pakuv
Bronze coin -- krish-buhn
Bronze statue -- krish-sukhlop
Bronze sword -- krish-shek
Broom (virga, scopae, iuniperorum) -- fnash-vel
Brothel (lupanar, ganeum) -- dihrf-makaya-kel
Brush (n.) -- achut
Bucket (situla, hama, gaulus) -- mashuk
Buckle (fibulam) -- tersek
Building (aedificatio, aedificium, structura) -- kel
Bulla -- buhla |guhngi-zaibihk t'sa-kanlar t'Ma'os-Roma|
Burial site -- visolektau-shi
Cabinet (scrinium, armarium, cistula, cistella, cistellula, conclave) -- tsorayek
Caenaculum -- kai'nakulum |nel-shi'yem|
Caldarium -- kal'darium |fal-wu'sibav-shal|
Calendar -- gad-besan
Campania (Campania felix) -- Kam'pani'a feliks, Kam'panya
Campanian -- kam'panya-, kam'panyaik (adj.); kam'panyasu (n.)
Cardo -- kardo |desh'rak-khu'rak-yut|
Cardo Maximus -- Kardo Maksimus
Carriage (raeda, commodius, currus, carruca, etc.) -- rom-hors-hali
Cart (plaustrum, carrum, carrus, plostrum, cisium, carruca, etc.) -- hal
Carving (n.) -- skram
Castellammare di Stabia -- Kastellammarei di Stabi'a
Castellum Aquae -- Kastelum Akwai |masu-mesklam t'Pompeiyi|
Cat (cattus, felis) -- kaht
Cauldron -- fas-matuhlek
Cavea ima (ima cavea) -- weh-nuk kuyau-shal
Cavea media (media cavea) -- sviti-kuyau-shal
Cavea summa (summa cavea) -- weh-pid kuyau-shal
Ceiling -- abru-tol
Cella -- kella |shi'sukhloplar|
Cement (caementum) -- kluterek
Cemetery (sepulcretum, cometerium) -- vukhut-ker
Censer (turibulum, thyisca, thymaterium, thymiamaterium) -- safnishek
Central Baths -- svitan-wu'sibav-keltra
Ceremony (caerimonia, ceremonia, caeremonia, cerimonia) -- van-kal
Cervical vertebra -- talu-hinek
Cestibulum -- kestibulum |svin-svaur|
Chain (catena, torques, vinculum) -- naf-elakh (TGV), naflakh (MGV)
Chair (cathedra, sella, sedes, sedis) -- ku-san
Chamber (cubiculum, conclave) -- tvi-shal
Charcoal (n.) -- yonol-tukh
Chariot (currum, currus, essedum, pilentum) -- faukh-dah-hal
Cheese (caseum, caseus) -- thuhk
Chemical analysis -- meil-nisaya
Chicken (pullum) -- tchihkuhn
Child (creatus, puer, puella, filius, filia) -- kan
Children -- kanu (TGV), kanlar (MGV)
Chimney (caminus) -- vuzh-mev
Chin -- huhzi
Chip (n.) -- val
Chisel -- kwu'teshayek (n.); kwu'treshau (v.)
Cippus -- kihpus, kippus |pen-vikital-tsek|
Cithara (κιθάρα, kithara) -- kithara |ralash-tanaf-mavaul|
Citizen (civis, municeps) -- ek'tokahrsu
City (civitas, urbs, astu) -- kahr
City center -- kahr-svitan
City wall -- kahr-temok
Clasp (fibula) -- terunemek
Class (n.) -- mohrn
Clavicle -- dol-hinek
Clay -- krizhiv
Clear away (v.) -- sapa'shau
Clepydra (κλεψύδρα) -- klepidra |masu-wak-vel|
Cloak (pallium, mantellum, lacerna, amictus, sagum) -- to-sai
Cloth -- sai
Clothes, Clothing (vestimentum, indumentum, vestis, vestitus, habitus, indutus) -- sai-vel
Clothes press (torcular, pressarium) -- sai-vel-hishek
Coast (n.) -- gef
Coat (n., clothing) -- to-pal
Coccygeal vertebra -- harr-hinek
Coccyx -- harr-hinektra, tvi-harr
Coin (numisma, nummus, nomisma, numus) -- buhn
Collar (n.) -- talukuv
Colonnade -- tsek-zehl
Column -- tsek (structural), vokau-tsek (memorial)
Comb (pecten, buxum, buxus) -- |isachya-|dref
Comitium -- komitium |riweinalik sulumat-shi'ragelan|
Commemorative arch -- kesek t'dorvokaya
Commerce -- pamahrtra
Common -- tsuk|-|
Common people -- tsuksular
Community -- shila (town); ha-travek (biol.)
Compacted (adj.) -- lerakh|-|
Compluvium -- kom'pluwium |kamu-razh t'atrium|
Compressed (adj.) -- lerakh|-|
Copper (cuprum) (metal) -- khaf-tukh
Copper coin -- khaf-tukh-buhn
Copper necklace -- khaf-tukhik talu-ek'zeru
Copper statue -- khaf-tukh-sukhlop
Corpse (cadaver, corpus, mortuus) -- tevik-veh (TGV), tevikeh (MGV)
Corrosion -- meilokulan
Couch -- kuklinat
Courtyard (atrium, aula, aria) -- tvi-ker
Cranium -- patam-hinektra
Crops -- urozh
Crushed (adj.) -- pleshal-, pleshalik
Cryptoporticus (cryptoportico) -- kripto'portikus |weinal-svaur|
Crystal -- khush
Cubiculum -- kubikulum |shi'yuk, yuk-shal|
Cultivation (cultura, coltio) -- sokasitaya
Culture (n.) -- iyula
Cup (calix, poculum, scyphus, cylix, patera, batiaca, etc.) -- monek
Custom (n.) -- oyut
Dagger (pugio, sica) -- lipitah
Dais (suggestum, subgestum, suggestus, subgestus, scaena, scena) -- skaf
Damage -- zakar (n.), zakar-tor (v.)
Damaged -- zakaral-, zakaralik
Daughter (filia, nata) -- ko-fu
Day (dies) -- gad
Dead (adj.) -- tevik
Death (mortem) -- tevakh
Debris -- guhsh|-tukh|
Decoration -- tremuhraya
Decorative wall painting -- tremuhral-kras-bikuv t'temok
Decumanus -- deku'manus |she'rak-tev'rak-yut|
Decumanus Maximus -- Deku'manus Maksimus
Dentition -- zudtra
Depth -- gluder
Design (n.) -- patanafaya
Destroy -- vashau
Destruction -- vashaya
Detach -- dahl-tor
Detached (adj.) -- dahl-, dahlik
Dice -- dailar
Dice game -- dai-zhagra
Dig (v.) -- hil-tor
Dig out, Dig up (v.) -- sahil-tor
Dirt -- kitek
Disaster (malum, clades, calamitas, cladis) -- koshvar
Dock (navale, navalia, gnavalia, gnavale) -- kif
Document (n.) -- kisev
Dog (canis, canes) -- dag
Dolium -- dolium |suk'krizhiv-kak|
Domesticated animal -- ha'kel-aushfa
Door (ostium, janua, fores, ianua, porta) -- svep
Doorway -- svep-sharu
Drinking water -- mon-masu
Drum (tympanum) -- vluhn
Duovir (duumvirum) - duum'virum |fik-kahrtosu|
Dwelling (n.) -- kelek
Eagle (aquila) -- akiluh
Ear (auris, spica, spicum, spicus, oricula) -- kaluk
Earring (inaurem) -- kaluk-ek'zerut
Embedded (adj.) -- vishital-, vishitalik
Embroidery -- og-tanaf
Emperor Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (Titus) -- Sa-Eik-Te'kor Titus Flavius Kaisar Ves'pasi'anus Augustus
Empty (adj.) -- herbosh|-|
Engraving (scalptura) -- thes
Entrance (ostium, introitus, fores, aditus, porta) -- svin
Environment -- ek'sitra
Eruption -- zul-sposhan
Europe (Europa) -- Yuropuh, Yuhruhp
Excavate -- razhil-tor
Excavation -- razhilan
Exhibit -- gluvaya (n.), gluvau (v.)
Expose -- sashavau
Exposure -- sashavaya
Eye (oculus, ocellus) -- bezhun
Face (n.) -- limuk
Family (familia) -- pi'maat
Farm (fundus, villa, praedium) -- uroshal (n.); uroshitau (v.)
Farmer (arator, cultor, agricultor) -- uroshitausu (TGV), uroshalsu (MGV)
Feather (penna, pluma, pinna) -- kid
Feces -- pekh
Female -- ko-, koyik (adj.); kosu (n.)
Femur -- abru-mal-hinek
Fibula -- vaukh-hinek
Figure (n.) -- khlop
Figurine -- pi'aushfa-khlop (animal), pi'sukhlop (person)
Find -- talal (n.); tal-tor (v.)
Finder -- talek (device); talsu (person)
Finger (digitus) -- ozh
Fingernail -- ozh-felu
Fish (piscis, natans) -- aluk
Fish bone -- aluk-hinek
Floor (n.) -- lan-tol
Flute (tibia, harundo, canna, canaliculus, buxum, buxus) -- kolchak
Food (cibus, esca, panis, victus, alimentum, pabulum) -- yem-tukh
Foot -- ash'ya
Forearm -- ne-kar
Fork (furca) -- snauk
Forum -- forum |sulumat-gorplosh t'Ma'os-Roma|
Forum Baths -- wu'sibav-keltra t'forum
Foundation -- nen (base); kel-nen (building)
Foundation stone -- kel-nen-kov
Fountain (fons, silanus, fonticulus, saliens, ver, stirpes, stirpis, saltus) -- mashulek (decorative); mon-masuyek (drinking water)
Fracture -- shaya (n.), shau (v.)
Fragile -- shau-yehat
Fragment -- karf (n.), karfau (v.)
Frame -- nentu (n.); nentulau (v.)
Freedman (libertas) -- elalsu
Freedom (libertatum, libertas, licentia, eleutheria, pileus, pileum, pilleum) -- el'es
Frigidarium -- frigi'darium, fridzhi'darium |samek-wu'sibav-shal|
Fruit (fructus) -- savas
Fuller (fullo) -- wuhl-sai-pusu
Fullery (fullonica, fullonius) -- shi'wuhl-sai-pun
Fullonica Stephani -- Fullonika Stefani |Shi'Wuhl-Sai-Pun t'Stefanus|
Galley (ship) -- wehk-fel-mashali
Garden (hortus, vividarium) -- bah-ker
Garden of the Fugitives -- Bah-Ker t'Ak'takitograusular
Garment (n.) -- ain
Garum -- aluk-mun
Gate (porta, ostium, fores, ianua, janua, limes) -- temep
Gem (gemma, lapis, lapillus) -- ek'zer
Gladiator (gladiator, harenarius) -- gladiussu
Gladius -- gladius |ma'os-roman-shek|
Goat (hircus, hirquus) -- got
Goblet (poculum, calix, scyphus, culullus, potorium) -- monek
God (deus, divus, lar) -- |sa-|ekon
Goddess (dea, diva) -- ko-ekon
Gold (aurum) (metal) -- kin-tukh
Gold bracelet -- kin-tukhik kar-nik-pakuv
Gold coin -- kin-tukh-buhn
Gold necklace -- kin-tukhik talu-ek'zeru
Gold ring -- kin-tukh-mokuv
Gold statue -- kin-tukh-sukhlop
Government -- spanakhat
Grain (granum, ceres) -- yartik
Granary (granarium, granaria) -- yartik-kel
Grapes (uvarum, labruscum) -- greiplar
Graveyard (cimeterium) -- vukhut-ker
Greco-Roman (adj.) -- ellas-roman-, ellas-romanik
Greece (Eλλάς, Hellas, Ellas, Graecia) -- Ellas
Greek -- ellas-, ellasik (adj.); ellassu (n.)
Gulf of Naples (Golfo di Napoli, Bay of Naples, Baia di Napoli, Sinus Neapolitanus) -- Suk'Tchol t'Napoli
Gynaeceum, Gynaecium -- ginai'ke'um, ginai'che'um |kelek-shal t'kosular|
Habit(s) -- es'merka
Hairbrush -- isachya-achut
Hairpin -- isachya-mof
Hairstyle (n.) -- isachya-kuhzu
Hall(way) -- tvur
Hammer (malleus, malleolus, marculus) -- mah-vel
Hand (manus) -- el'ru
Harbor (portus) -- oklit
Head (caput) -- patam
Health -- muhl'es
Hearth (focus, caminus) -- yon-lanet
Hearthstone -- yon-lanet-kov
Heel (n.) -- timut
Height -- pidek
Helmet (galea, cassis, cassida, crista, casila) -- patyerak
Herb (herba, gramen) -- bar-got
Herculanean -- erkulane'umik (adj.); erkulane'umsu (n.)
Herculaneum -- Erkulane'um |roman-ahm t'Erko'lano|
Herculaneum Gate (Porta di Ercolano, Salt Gate, Veru Sarinu) -- Temep t'Erkulane'um
Hill (collis) -- kunel
Hip (n.) -- gaf
Historian -- vesht-varsu
Historic -- vesht-varik
History -- vesht-var
Hole (n.) -- razh
Home (n.) -- ha-kel
Home life -- kelek-ha'kiv
Horn (n.) -- stonn (animal); stonal (sound maker)
Horse (equa, equo, caballa, equula, equus, equos) -- hors
Horse cart -- hors-hal
House (habitatio, domus, villa) -- kelek
House of Adonis -- Kelek t'Adonis
House of Ariadne (House of the Colored Capitals) -- Kelek t'Ari'adnei
House of Caecilius Jucundus -- Kelek t'Kaikilius Yukundus
House of Casca Longus -- Kelek t'Kaska Longus
House of Cuspius Pansa -- Kelek t'Kuspius Pansa
House of Holconius Rufus -- Kelek t'Olkonius Rufus
House of Julia Felix (House of Iulia Felix) -- Kelek t'Yuli'a Feliks
House of Loreius Tiburtinus -- Kelek t'Loreyus Tiburtinus
House of Lucius Ceius Secundus (House of the Ceii) -- Kelek t'Lukius Keyus Sekundus
House of Lucretius Fronto -- Kelek t'Lukretius Fronto
House of Marcus Lucretius -- Kelek t'Markus Lukretius
House of Meleager -- Kelek t'Mele'ager
House of Menander -- Kelek t'Menander
House of Octavius Quartio -- Kelek t'Oktawius Kwarti'o
House of Paquius Proculus -- Kelek t'Pakwius Prokulus
House of Sallust -- Kelek t'Sallust
House of Trebius Valens -- Kelek t'Trebius Walens
House of the Ancient Hunt (House of the Hunt, House of the Wild Boar, Casa della Caccia Antica) -- Kelek t'Ma'os-Po'austukaya
House of the Balcony (Casa del Balcone) -- Kelek t'Fah-Yat
House of the Black Wall (Casa del Muro Nero) -- Kelek t'Nesh-Kur-Temok
House of the Ceii -- Kelek t'Keilar
House of the Centaur (Casa del Centauro) -- Kelek t'Kentaurus
House of the Centenary (House of the Centennial, Casa del Centenario) -- Kelek t'Tehtvun-Van-Kal
House of the Citharist (Casa del Citarista) -- Kelek t'Kitharasu
House of the Cryptoporticus (Casa del Criptoportico) -- Kelek t'Kripto'portikus
House of the Diadoumeni -- Kelek t'Di'ado'umenilar
House of the Ephebus -- Kelek t'Efebus
House of the Faun (Casa del Fauno) -- Kelek t'Faan
House of the Golden Cupids (Casa degli Amorini Dorati) -- Kelek t'Kin-Tukh-Kupidlar
House of the Hanging Balcony -- Kelek t'Geldaun-Fah-Yat
House of the Labyrinth (Casa del Labirinto) -- Kelek t'Druhardu
House of the Lararium (Casa del Larario) -- Kelek t'Lararium
House of the Large Fountain (Casa della Fontana Grande) -- Kelek t'Suk'Mashulek
House of the Lovers (Casa degli Amanti) -- Kelek t'Ashausular
House of the Moralist (Casa del Moralista) -- Kelek t'Yehtin-Varsu
House of the Orchard (Casa del Frutteto) -- Kelek t'Lap-Bah-Ker
House of the Silver Wedding -- Kelek t'Tel-Van-Kal t'Haul-Tukh
House of the Small Fountain (Casa della Fontana Piccola) -- Kelek t'Pi'Mashulek
House of the Surgeon (Casa del Chirurgo) -- Kelek t'Sharushsu
House of the Tragic Poet -- Kelek t'Fa'kaf-Tanafsu t'Gmu
House of the Vettii -- Kelek t'Wettilar
House of Venus in the Shell -- Kelek t'Wenus svi'Fo
Human -- komihn (adj.); komihnsu (n.)
Humerus -- abru-kar-hinek
Hyoid bone -- lahv-hinek
Idol (simulacrum) -- zaikhlop
Igneous rock -- zul-kov
Image (n.) -- glakuv
Impluvium -- im'pluvium |kelek-masu-tuhlek|
Infant -- kan-bu
Injury -- dash
Inn (diversorium, hospitium, deversorium. devorsorium) -- hafa'el
Insignia -- terseht
Iron (ferrum) -- shek-tukh
Ironworker -- shek-tukh-zupsu
Irrigation -- kasmashaya
Italian Peninsula (Peninsula italica) -- Ulef-Vikuvtra t'I'tali'a
Italy (Italia) -- I'tali'a, I'taliuh, Ihtuhli
Ivory (ebur) -- zudebur
Ivory hairpin -- zudebur-isachya-mof
Jar (urceum, olla, ampulla, amphora, urceus) -- kak
Javelin (iaculum, jaculum) -- lehm-tilek
Jaw (maxilla, mandibula, mala, mandibulum) -- ahs
Jewel (gemma, lapis, lapillus, pretiositas) -- ek'zer
Jewelry (gemmae) -- ek'zeru
Joint (n.) -- lesek
Jug (n.) -- masuhb
Jupiter (Iupiter) -- Yupiter, Dzhupih'tuhr
Justice (iustitia, justitia, iudicium, judicium) -- yeht-gav
Key (clavis) -- tal-muv
Keystone (lapisque angularis) -- klachekov
Kill (v.) -- stau
Kitchen (culina, coquina, cocina, cocinatorium, coquinatorium) -- af'tum
Kitchen ware -- af'tum-greink
Knee (genu) -- mal-nef
Kneecap (patella) -- mal-nef-hinek
Knife (culter, cultellus, cultellulus, telum, scalprum, scalprus) -- lipau
Knowledge -- fai-tukh
Knuckle (condilus) -- ozh-lesek
Labrum -- labrum |masu-eik-yerak|
Ladder (scala, scalaria) -- pu'uth
Ladle (trulla, truella, truola, cyathus, artaena) -- wu-dvin-floku
Lady -- |o|kosu
Land (n.) -- solektra (ground, property, region); shasol (nation)
Language (lingua) -- gen-lis
Lar -- lar |kelek-ekon t'Ma'os-Roma|
Lararium -- lararium |kelek-ekon-oshi t'Ma'os-Roma|
Latin (language) -- latinsu
Lava -- zul
Law (lex) -- to-gav
Layer (n.) -- tin
Lead (plumbum) -- ras-tukh
Leather (corium) -- duf
Leg -- mal
Legbone -- mal-hinek
Lentil -- lentuhl
Life (vita) -- ha'kiv
Ligament -- hinek-tersayek
Linen (sindon, linum, linteum) -- flahks-sai
Little finger -- wuhr-ozh
Location -- shi
Lost (adj.) -- paki-, pakik
Ludi magister -- ludi magister, ludi madzhister |shi'oren-trensu|
Ludus -- ludus |shi'oren t'nu'ri-kanlar, zhagra, sulumat-torperan|
Ludus duodecim scriptorum -- ludus du'o'dekim skriptorum |ves t'dohn-zhagra|
Ludus latrunculorum -- ludus latrun'kulorum |ves t'dohn-zhagra|
Lumbar vertebra -- ne-pla'dor-hinek
Lyre (lyra, cithara, cinyra, fidis) -- lai'uhr |ralash-tanaf-mavaul|
Machine (machina, machinamentum) -- mish-vel
Male -- sa-, sayik (adj.); sasu (n.)
Mallet (n.) -- lapan-mah-vel
Man (n.) -- sasu
Mandible (mandibula, mandibulum) -- nuk-ahs|-hinek|
Marble (stone) -- marbuhl
Marcus Epidius Rufus -- Markus Epidius Rufus
Marcus Epidius Sabinus -- Markus Epidius Sabinus
Marina -- pi'mashali-shal
Marina Gate -- Temep t'Pi'mashali-Shal
Market (forum, macellum, mercatus, emporium, quintana) -- ramakurai
Marriage -- kun-ut
Mask (n.) -- limein
Master (n.) -- trensu
Maxilla -- abru-ahs|-hinek|
Meal -- yem
Meat (carnis) -- kahm
Mediterranean Sea (Mare Nostrum, Mare Mediterraneo) -- Svitan-Masutra
Men's apodyterium -- apoditerium t'sasular
Men's caldarium -- kaldarium t'sasular
Men's frigidarium -- frigidarium t'sasular
Men's tepidarium -- tepidarium t'sasular
Metal (n.) -- mokev
Metalworker -- mokevsu
Milk (lac, lacte) -- thas
Millet -- mihluht
Mill (molae) -- yartik-grazhakel (grain)
Millstone (mola, molaris) -- yartik-grazhau-kov
Mirror (speculum) -- haulat
Molar -- nal-zud
Money -- donku
Monopteros (μονόπτερος) -- mo'nop'teros |suk'shi'kon k'wuh-zehl t'tseklar|
Monte Somma -- Montei Somma |ahm t'ma'os-zul-kunel fa'Okunel Vesuvius|
Monument (monumentum, monimentum) -- dor-kov, vokau-kov
Mosaic (tessellatum, emblema) -- sna-lok
Mosaic-worker -- sna-lok-zhuksu
Mother (mater) -- ko-mekh
Mound (tumulus, agger, adger) -- soltuh
Mouth (os, ostium, osculum) -- ru'lut
Mud -- vrel
Municipium -- munikipium |kahr|
Museum -- shi'gluvaya
Mystery -- del-ri
Nail (n.) -- felu (finger, toe); termu (fastener)
Name (nomen) -- ahm
Napkin (sudarium, linteum, mappa, mantile, sudariolum, mantele, nappa) -- ru'lut-sai
Naples (Neapolis, Napoli) -- Nei'a'polis, Napoli
Nation -- shasol
Neck (collum, cervix, guttur) -- talu
Necklace (monile) -- talu-ek'zeru
Necropolis -- ne'kropolis, tevanu-kahr
Necropolis of Porta Nocera -- Tevanu-Kahr t'Temep t'Nokera
Needle (acus) -- |og-|lum
Neighbor (proximum, vicina, vicinus, accola) -- behsu
Nobility -- thol'es (quality); tholtra (elite class)
Noble -- thol|-| (adj.); tholsu (n.)
Nolan Gate (Nola Gate, Porta Nola) -- Temep t'Nola
Nose (nares, nasus, naris) -- han
Nuceria (Nocera) -- Nokera, Nuseriuh
Nucerian Gate (Porta Nocera, Porta di Nocera) -- Temep t'Nokera
Nutrition -- yem-tan
Oar (remus, tonsa, arbor) -- fel
Observation -- glantaya
Observe -- glantau
Observer -- glantausu
Occipital bone -- patam-pla'dor-hinek
Odeum (Odea, Odeon) -- ode'um |shi'torperan|
Oecus -- o'ekus |shi'poprahn|
Offering -- nufaya
Officer (tribunus, militaris) -- lansu
Oil (oleum, olivum) -- elmin
Oil lamp -- elmin-yonet
Ointment (unguentum, unctum, ungentum, unguedo, unguen, collyrium, smegma, smegmatum) -- elmuvak
Olive (oliva, olea) -- oliuh
Olive oil (oleum olivae) -- oliuh-elmin
Olla perforata -- olla perforata |kastik-greindzh|
Omen -- gihlt
Oplontis -- O'plontis
Orchard (pomarium) -- lap-bah-ker
Ornament (ornamentum) -- fanet
Oven (clibanus, fornax, furnus) -- fasek
Own -- sha', sha'ik (adj.); ma (v.)
Owner -- ma'su
Pagus Augustus Felix Suburbanus -- Pagus Augustus Feliks Suburbanus |si-kahr t'Pompeiyi|
Paint -- kras (n.), kras-tor (v.)
Painting (n.) -- kras-bikuv
Palace (palatium, regia, aula) -- te'korkel
Palaestra -- palaistra |shi'tusok|
Paper (papyrus, papyrum, biblus) -- dun
Papyrus -- riid-dun (paper), riid-kisev (document)
Partial remains -- ul-vukhafayat
Past (n.) -- vesht
Patella -- mal-nef-hinek
Pattern (n.) -- nel-dath
Paving stone -- elyut-kov
Pedestal (basis, crepido, bathrum) -- nelka
Pelvis -- dafel
Pendant -- kihsev
Peristyle (peristylum, peristylon, peristylium) -- peri'stilum |tvi-ker vikuval k'tsek-zehl|
Picture (n.) -- bikuv
Pinacotheca (πινακοθήκη, pinacoteca) -- pinako'theka |tanaf-shi'gluvaun|
Plant (n.) -- kastik
Plaster body cast -- weiwan-vukhut-vishizhaya
Plinian eruption (Vesuvian eruption) -- zul-kunel-sposhan t'plini-ves
Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus) -- Gayus Plinius Sekundus |Plini Weh-Os|
Pliny the Younger (Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus) -- Gayus Plinius Kaikilius Sekundus |Plini Weh-Nu'ri|
Pompeii -- Pompeiyi, Pompei'i
Pompeiian, Pompeian -- pompeiyik (adj.); pompeiyisu (person)
Pot (n.) -- greindzh
Potter (figulus) -- krizh'vitra-torsu
Pottery (testae, figulina, figlina, figlinum, fictile, figilina) -- krizh'vitra
Pottery shard -- krizh'vitra-karf
Pozzuoli (Pezzulo, Puteoli) -- Patswoli, Pute'oli
Praefurnium -- prai'furnium |masu-falek-shal|
Preparation -- datoran
Prepare -- dator
Priest -- sa-ekon-fulagsu
Priestess -- ko-ekon-fulagsu
Prostitute (meretrix, scortum, prostibulum, cunnus, lupa, proseda) -- dihrf-makausu
Prostitution -- dihrf-makaya
Public building -- sulumat-kel
Public square -- sulumat-gorplosh
Pumice -- markau-zul-kov
Pyroclast -- thorshal-zul-krus
Pyroclastic flow -- sposhan-vitush-yumaya
Pyroclastic material -- thorshal-zul-tukh
Pyroclastic rock -- thorshal-zul-kov
Pyroclastic surge -- sposhan-vitush-tral
Rare (scarce, uncommon, etc.) -- ritsuri|-|
Real estate (praedia) -- solantra
Refuge (n.) -- rau-nol
Region -- shal
Relative (person) -- tomasu
Relic -- za-vel
Religion -- odva
Remains (body) -- vukhafayat
Restoration -- ekufunan
Restore -- ekufun-tor
Restorer -- ekufunsu
Retiaris -- reti'aris |vis-puksu|
Rib (n.) -- bak
Ring (n.) -- mokuv
Ring finger -- dahr-ozh
Rip -- tres (n.), tres-tor (v.)
Road (via, iter, vea) -- fau-yut
Robe (vestimentum, vestis, palla, vestitus, deplois, diplois) -- pelal
Roman -- roman-, romanik (adj.); |ma'os-|romasu (person)
Roman centurion -- roman-tehsu-lan
Roman citizen -- roman-ek'tokahrsu
Roman Empire -- Eik-Te'kru t'Roma
Roman slave -- roman-kafeh
Rome (Roma) -- Roma
Roof (tectum, tegimen, tegumen, tegmen, tegumentum, tegimentum) -- kamu
Room (n.) -- tvi-shal (chamber); ret (space)
Rope (n.) -- |man-|elakh
Royalty -- te'krultra
Rubbish -- guhsh
Rubble (ruderibus) -- kel-setuhsh
Ruby (rubinus) -- yon-ek'zer
Ruins (ruinae, cinis, parietinae) -- yigahdelu
Running water (aquis, fluenta) -- dvunan-masu
Sack (saccus) -- sa'haf
Sacral vertebra -- pla'krus-hinek
Sactuary of the Public Lares (Sanctuarium Lares Publici, Santuario dei Lari Pubblici) -- Ekon-Fmak t'Sulumat-Larlar
Salt (sal) -- alem
Sanctuary (n.) -- fmak
Sand (arena, harena, sabulo, sabulum) -- mazhiv
Sandal -- tu'ash'el
Sapphire (sapphirus, sapphyrus, sappirus) -- pla-khush
Sarno Gate (Sarnian Gate, Porta Sarna) -- Temep t'Sarna
Scapula -- tipan-hinek
Science -- ek'tal
Scientist -- ek'talsu
Scribe (scriba, scriptor, librarius, clericus) -- va'akitausu
Scroll (volumen) -- murat
Sculptor -- shid-tanafsu
Sculpture (sculptura, scalptura, opus) -- shid-tanaf, shid-vel
Sea (mare) -- masutra
Secret -- tsatik (adj.); tsat (n.)
Sediment -- ne'ti-tukh
Seed (n.) -- nei
Sewage (illuvies, inluvies) -- guhsh-masu
Sewer pipe -- guhsh-masu-mev
Shape (n.) -- shid
Sheep (ovis, oves) -- ship|lar|
Shelter (n.) -- rau-nol
Shield (scutum, clipeus, clypeus, clypeum, clipeum) (n.) -- fo-dan
Shin -- ne-mal
Shin bone -- ne-mal-hinek
Shingle (n.) -- kambus
Ship (navis) -- masu-hali (TGV), mashali (MGV)
Shoe (calceus, caliga, solea, soccus, calceamen, calciamen) -- ash'el
Shoemaker (sutor, calceolarius, calcearius, calciolarius, calceator, calciator) -- ash'el-torsu
Shore (litus, littus, ora) -- gef
Shoulder (n.) -- tipan
Shoulder blade -- tipan-hinek
Shovel -- hilek (n.), hilekau (v.)
Sidewalk (marmora) -- vla-yut
Silver (argentum) (metal) -- haul-tukh
Silver bracelet -- haul-tukhik kar-nik-pakuv
Silver coin -- haul-tukh-buhn
Silver necklace -- haul-tukhik talu-ek'zeru
Silver ring -- haul-tukh-mokuv
Silver statue -- haul-tukh-sukhlop
Sistum -- sistum |mokev-hispayek|
Site (n.) -- shi
Size (n.) -- suk'es
Skeleton -- hinek-teraya (TGV), hinektra (MGV)
Sketch -- lubesan (n.); lubes-tor (v.)
Skull (cerebrum, calvaria, calva) -- grat
Slave (servus, mancipium) -- kafeh
Slavery (servitus, servitium) -- kafehtru
Sleeping mat -- yuk-pev
Society -- shila'es
Soldier (miles, bellator, militus, latro, vir) -- ask'ersu
Son (filius, natus, prognatus, gnatus) -- sa-fu
Soup -- shur
Spear (lancea, telum, iaculum, jaculum, hasta, hastile) -- tilek
Spearhead (n.) -- tilek-sfek
Spice (n.) -- bar-kas
Spinal column -- plat
Spine -- plat
Spoon (coclear, cochlear, ligula, lingula) -- floku
Stabiae -- Stabi'ai
Stabian -- stabi'ai-, stabi'aik (adj.); stabi'aisu (n.)
Stabian Baths -- Wu'sibav-keltra t'Stabi'ai
Stabian Gate (Porta Stabia, Porta di Stabia) -- Temep t'Stabi'ai
Stable (adj.) -- tihet|-|
Stairs (scalae, scalaria) -- kaiden
Statue (statua, signum, simulacrum, effigies) -- sukhlop
Statuette (staticulum, statunculum, sigillum) -- pi'sukhlop
Stela, Stele (pl. Stelae) -- dorvokov
Steps -- ashetlar, kaiden
Stone -- kov; kov-tukh
Stonework -- kov-torvaya
Stoneworker -- kov-torvausu
Storehouse (horreum, promptuarium, spensa, cella) -- tsorkel
Strigil (strigilis) -- strigilis |vukhut-pu-theshayek|
Structure -- kel (building); kelutra (construction); velek (form)
Surface (n.) -- skonn
Survey -- skothon (n.), skothon-tor (v.)
Swimming pool (piscina, colimbus, colymbus) -- mahal-muzh
Sword (gladius, mucro, ferrum, ensis, machaera, harpe) -- shek
Symbol -- sehtebihk
Tablinum (tabulinum) -- tab'linum |zup-pi'shal, orenshal, pi kelek-shi'ragelan|
Tavern (taberna, caupona, praesaepe, praesepe, praesaepes, praesepes) -- naliveh-kel
Temple (templum, fanum, aedis) -- shi'van-kal
Temple of Apollo -- Shi'Van-Kal t'A'polo
Temple of Fortuna Augusta -- Shi'Van-Kal t'Fortuna Augusta
Temple of Isis -- Shi'Van-Kal t'Isis, Shi'Van-Kal t'Aisihs
Temple of Jupiter (Capitolium, Temple of the Capitoline Triad) -- Shi'Van-Kal t'Yupiter
Temple of Jupiter Meilichios -- Shi'Van-Kal t'Yupiter Meiliki'os
Temple of Venus Pompeiana -- Shi'Van-Kal t'Wenus Pompei'ana
Temple of Vespasian (Templum diwi Wespasiani, Tempio di Vespasiano) -- Shi'Van-Kal t'Wespasi'anus
Tephra -- sadakhal-zul-tukh
Tepidarium -- tepidarium |lamekh-wu'sibav-shal|
Terrace (solarium, subdialia) -- nef
Tessera -- tessera |kulk t'sna-lok|
Textile -- sail
Thermal shock -- falek-kolaya
Thermopolium -- thermo'polium |ma'os yokul-mahr-kel il lamek-mon-tukh|
Thermopolium of Asellina -- Thermo'polium t'Asellina
Thermopolium with Lararium -- Thermo'polium k'Lararium
Thigh (femur, foemur, femen, foemen) -- abru-mal
Thighbone -- abru-mal-hinek
Thumb (n.) -- kaur-ozh
Tibia -- ne-mal-hinek (bone); tibi'a, aulos (musical instrument)
Tile (n.) -- kulk
Toe (n.) -- gof
Toilet (latrina, latrinum) -- snem-razhek
Tomb (sepulchrum, sepulcrum, tumba) -- brag
Tomb of the Istacidii -- Brag t'Istakidilar
Tool (instrumentum, ferramentum, minister, ministra, organum) -- raul
Tooth (dens) -- zud
Topsoil -- skonn-solek
Town (oppidum, urbs, municipium, moenia) -- kahr
Town square -- kahr-gorplosh
Trampling basin -- ek'ne'ashan-sai-mashupanu
Tray (repositorium) -- dvin-math
Tree (arbor, bratus) -- lap
Triclinium -- tri'klinium |shi'yem|
Trinket -- mokvel
Triumphal arch -- skil-kesek
Tumulus -- visolektau-soltuh
Ulna -- tvik ne-kar-hinek
Underground (adj.) -- nesolektra-, nesolektraik
Underwater (adj.) -- nemasu-, nemasuyik
Unearth -- sahil-tor
Unexpected (adj.) -- rigishuk
Unguent (unguentum, ungentum, unguen, unguedo, collyrium) -- elmuvak
Unidentified (adj.) -- rishasutanik
Unique -- wuhin-, wuhinik
Valuable -- taluhk|-|
Valuables -- taluhku
Vase (vas, vasum) -- svai-mesklam
Vegetable (n.) -- plom
Vegetation -- kastra
Velum -- velum |abru-sai-wein|
Vertebra -- plat-hinek
Vesuvian Gate (Vesuvius Gate, Porta del Vesuvio) -- Temep t'Vesuvius
Via Consolare -- Vi'a Konsolarei
Via degli Augustali -- Vi'a deilyi Augustali
Via dei Sepolcri -- Vi'a dei Sepolkri
Via del Vesuvio -- Vi'a del Vesuvi'o
Via dell'Abbondanza (Decumanus Maximus) -- Vi'a dell'Abondantsa |Dekumanus Maksimus|
Via della Fortuna -- Vi'a della Fortuna
Via delle Terme -- Vi'a dellei Termei
Via di Nocera (Via di Nuceriae) -- Vi'a di Nochera
Via di Nola -- Vi'a di Nola
Via Domitiana -- Vi'a Domiti'ana
Via Marina -- Vi'a Marina
Via Sarina -- Vi'a Sarina
Via Stabiana (Cardo Maximus) -- Vi'a Stabi'ana, Kardo Maksimus
Via Pompeiana -- Vi'a Pompei'ana
Villa of Diomedes (Villa Diomedes, Villa de Diomedes) -- Vihla t'Di'o'medes
Villa of the Mysteries (Villa dei Misteri) -- Vihla t'Del-rilar
Villa of the Mosaic Columns -- Vihla t'Sna-Lok-Tseklar
Villa of the Papyri -- Vihla t'Riid-Kisevlar
Volcanic ash -- sposhan-vitush
Volcanic ash fall -- sposhan-vitush-tev
Volcanic bomb -- sposhan-vihk
Volcanic crater -- zul-razh
Volcanic dust -- sposhan-grazhiv
Volcanic ejecta -- thorshal-zul-tukh
Volcanic eruption -- zul-kunel-sposhan
Volcanic vent -- zul-ru'lut
Volcanism -- sazul'es
Volcano (mons igneus, vulcano) -- |suk'|zul-kunel
Volcanologist -- zul-kunel-talsu
Volcanology -- zul-kunel-tal
Wall (maceria, murus, paries, moerus, moirus, costa) -- temok
Wall painting -- temok-kras-bikuv
Warehouse (mercium receptaculum, cella) -- tanilkel
Water pipe -- masu-mev
Wax (cera) -- fnath
Wealth -- don-tak
Weapon (telum, supplementum, subplementum, aes, arma) -- wun
Weaver (textor, polymitarius) -- svimogsu
Wedge (n.) -- shihvek
Wheel (rota, canthus) -- halek
Window (fenestra, foenestra, lumen, luminare) -- krani
Wine (vinum, merum, mustum, temetum, racemus, mulsum) -- vin
Woman -- kosu
Women's apodyterium -- apoditerium t'kosular
Women's caldarium -- kaldarium t'kosular
Women's frigidarium -- frigidarium t'kosular
Women's tepidarium -- tepidarium t'kosular
Wood -- lapan
Woodcarver -- lapan-skramsu
Wooden bowl -- lapan-yerak
Wooden box -- lapan-natuhn
Wooden cup -- lapan-monek
Wooden plate -- lapan-math
Wooden spoon -- lapan-floku
Woodworker -- lapan-ar'kadasu
Work -- ar'kadan (n.), ar'kada (v.)
Workshop -- zup-shal
Wrestler (luctator) -- vo'ek-puksu
Wrestling (luctatio, luctamen, gymnas) -- vo'ek-pukan
Wrist -- kar-nik
Writer (scriptor) -- kitausu
Writing (n.) -- kitaya
Writings (n.) -- kitalu
Yard (n.) -- ker
Year -- tevun
Zinc (cadmiae) -- tsau-tukh
Zygomatic bone -- nak-hinek
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